Caselaw summaries

Housing benefit (HB) - overpayment – deduction of notional entitlement of claimant's wife

Employment and support allowance (ESA) - activity 13 Initiating and completing personal action – meaning of ‘personal action’

Jobseeker's allowance (JSA) - sanction for failure to carry out jobseeker’s direction – turning up 10 minutes late to CV writing course

Pension credit (PC) - failure of Secretary of State to attend when directed to do so – tribunal must still conduct a rehearing and observe fairness

Employment and support allowance (ESA) - activity 7 understanding communication – sufficient to have difficulty with either verbal or non-verbal communication – difficulty in both areas not required

Jobseeker's allowance (JSA) - Skills Conditionality scheme – requirement to participate not unlawful – jobseeker’s agreement and actively seeking work

Income support (IS) - remunerative work – averaging of hours – zero-hours weeks – overpayment calculation

Pension credit (PC) - overpayment recovery – burden on Secretary of State

Pension credit (PC) - single person treated as in a couple – ‘woefully inadequate’ HMRC submission – tribunal erred in proceeding

Tax credits (TC) - claimant’s evidence – not to be appraised by reference to what a reasonable or hypothetical person would have done – should consider if claimant’s account was true rather than improbable