Caselaw summaries

Earnings – zero hours contract and fluctuating earnings

Housing benefit (HB) – students – notional loan income – principled and conscientious objection to taking out a student loan

Personal independence payment (PIP) - past presence test – inability to return to UK due to illness – no catch-all exception to the test

Category A retirement pension – ‘contracting out deduction’ of late husband’s guaranteed minimum pension

Court of Appeal – jurisdiction to consider an appeal against Upper Tribunal’s refusal to set aside its earlier refusal to grant permission to appeal

Universal credit – ‘bedroom tax’ – additional room for an overnight carer

Personal independence payment (PIP) - supersessions – effective date of supersession and finality of decisions – ‘decision-based system of adjudication’

Right to reside – family member and retention of (European free movement) right to reside

Universal credit (UC) – two-child limit – exception regarding non-consensual conception – applies only to third or subsequent child

‘New’ state pension – period of residence in Australia – does not count for purposes of calculation of transitional rate under ‘Step 2’ as defined in the Pensions Act 2014